Specialized Spine Care in Colorado Springs

Piriformis Syndrome

Colorado Springs Orthopaedic Group

Spinal conditions can affect your neck, back, movement, and overall quality of life. Pain, stiffness, numbness, or weakness can make it difficult to work, exercise, sleep, or perform everyday activities.

CSOG provides comprehensive care for a wide range of conditions affecting the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. Our specialists use a conservative-first approach whenever appropriate, with treatment options that may include physical therapy, medications, injections, and other nonsurgical treatments. When surgery is necessary, advanced surgical techniques may provide another option.

Your care begins with a thorough evaluation to understand the source of your symptoms and how they are affecting you. We then develop a treatment plan based on your condition, goals, and individual needs.

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What is Piriformis Syndrome?

Piriformis Syndrome is an uncommon, rare neuromuscular condition caused by the compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. The sciatic nerve is a thick and long nerve that passes below or through the piriformis muscle and goes down the back of the leg and finally ends in the feet in the form of smaller nerves.

Symptoms of Piriformis Syndrome

Piriformis Syndrome is characterized by pain, tingling, and numbness in the buttocks. The pain may also extend down along the nerve and involve the leg as well (extraspinal sciatica).

Pain is usually exaggerated by activities that exert pressure over the piriformis muscle such as sitting for long hours, running, or climbing stairs.

Diagnosis of Piriformis Syndrome

The diagnosis of piriformis syndrome involves a combination of physical examination employing different movements of the hip and the leg which may trigger characteristic pain in the buttock and leg. Imaging studies such as MRI may be useful in ruling out other causes of sciatic nerve compression such as degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, or arthritis of the spine.

Treatment

Initially, a conservative approach is used for the management of piriformis syndrome. This approach includes:

• Lifestyle changes to avoid activities that trigger pain
• Rest, ice and heat packs
• Physical therapy comprising of stretching exercises to relieve compression of the sciatic nerve
• Oral anti-inflammatory medications
• Muscle relaxants

In patients with severe pain, corticosteroid, or anesthetic injections can also be used.

In a few cases, botulism toxin injections and electrotherapy can also be considered. This helps reduce muscle tightness. In patients not responding to the conservative approach, surgery may be considered. This involves the surgical release of the piriformis muscle and the decompression of the sciatic nerve.